Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is also known as premenstrual dysphoria and is thought to occur in 3-5% of reproductive-age women. It is characterized by cognitive, mood, and physical disturbances. Cognitive symptoms include poor concentration or confusion. Mood disturbances include irritability, mood swings, depression, or anxiety. Physical problems may include changes in appetite, bloating, insomnia, headache, fatigue, hot flashes, or breast tenderness. A more severe form is called premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and involves more severe symptoms and severe impairment in daily life.
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